android最佳实践11:butterknife框架使用

介绍

butterknife也是一个依赖注入框架,借助annonation实现view的快速初始化,解除findViewById的烦恼

工程引入

配置project的build.gradle,来引入android-apt插件

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buildscript {
repositories {
mavenCentral()
}
dependencies {
classpath 'com.neenbedankt.gradle.plugins:android-apt:1.8'
}
}

配置module的build.gradle,apply the android-apt plugin,and add the Butter Knife dependencies.

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apply plugin: 'android-apt`

android{
...
}

dependencies{
compile 'com.jakewharton:butterknife:8.2.1'
apt 'com.jakewharton:butterknife-compiler:8.2.1'
}

注意
butter knife尽量不要在library中使用,如果要用,还得转R2,太麻烦了

使用

使用@BindView注解view

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class ExampleActivity extends Activity {
@BindView(R.id.title) TextView title;
@BindView(R.id.subtitle) TextView subtitle;
@BindView(R.id.footer) TextView footer;

@Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.simple_activity);
ButterKnife.bind(this);
// TODO Use fields...
}
}

Resource的注解

@BindBool, @BindColor, @BindDimen, @BindDrawable, @BindInt, @BindString

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class ExampleActivity extends Activity {
@BindString(R.string.title) String title;
@BindDrawable(R.drawable.graphic) Drawable graphic;
@BindColor(R.color.red) int red; // int or ColorStateList field
@BindDimen(R.dimen.spacer) Float spacer; // int (for pixel size) or float (for exact value) field
// ...
}

non-activity的注解

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public class FancyFragment extends Fragment {
@BindView(R.id.button1) Button button1;
@BindView(R.id.button2) Button button2;

@Override public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fancy_fragment, container, false);
ButterKnife.bind(this, view);
// TODO Use fields...
return view;
}
}

也可以在ViewHolder中使用

View List

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@BindViews({ R.id.first_name, R.id.middle_name, R.id.last_name })
List<EditText> nameViews;

使用apply方法,能一次操作整个View的List

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ButterKnife.apply(nameViews, DISABLE);
ButterKnife.apply(nameViews, ENABLED, false);

包括设置属性

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ButterKnife.apply(nameViews, View.ALPHA, 0.0f);

Listener的绑定

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@OnClick(R.id.submit)
public void submit(View view) {
// TODO submit data to server...
}

绑定的释放

由于Fragment的生命周期区别于activity,当我们在Fragment的onCreatView做绑定的时候,要在onDestoryView中设置views为null。Butter Knife 返回一个Unbider实例来解决这个问题,
eg:

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public class FancyFragment extends Fragment {
@BindView(R.id.button1) Button button1;
@BindView(R.id.button2) Button button2;
private Unbinder unbinder;

@Override public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container, Bundle savedInstanceState) {
View view = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fancy_fragment, container, false);
unbinder = ButterKnife.bind(this, view);
// TODO Use fields...
return view;
}

@Override public void onDestroyView() {
super.onDestroyView();
unbinder.unbind();
}
}

更懒的方式

使用Zelezny插件,一键生成view

如何找到插件

参考文献

github地址
文档介绍·英文